Finerenone-Based Dual Versus Triple Therapy with SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study
- Design
- Retrospective cohort · Intermediate outcome
- Match to healthy normal-weight adults aged 55–75
- Different population[Auto] Participants had type 2 diabetes (age/BMI not reported in abstract).
- Could weight loss explain it?
- Possibly[Auto] Participants had obesity and/or type 2 diabetes and the abstract does not separate direct drug effects from weight loss or glycaemic improvement.
- Study tier
- Study tier 3[Auto] Observational design; confounding by indication and healthy-user effects cannot be excluded (auto-provisional).
- Assessment
- Version 1 · automatic, not yet reviewed by a person · Sep 13, 2026
Study facts come from the paper. Population match, weight-loss explanation and study tier are our judgments, made against the reference group of healthy normal-weight adults aged 55–75.
[Auto, unreviewed; last sentences of abstract] Findings were interpreted as associative rather than comparative superiority, given the observational design, baseline imbalance, and short follow-up. These results should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating associations, and future multicenter longitudinal studies with longer follow-up and assessment of medication continuation, and time-updated exposure are warranted.
01Findings
What the study reported
- Drugs
- Class unspecified
- Primary outcome
- Not extracted
- Effect
- Not extracted
- 95% confidence interval
- Not extracted
- Follow-up
- 6 months
- Adverse events
- Not extracted
- Limitations
- Auto-classified from abstract only; effect estimates, adverse events and limitations not extracted. Requires manual review.
Who was studied
- Diabetes status
- type 2 diabetes present (all or most)
- Ckd status
- chronic kidney disease present in population (see abstract)
- Baseline condition
- chronic kidney disease
Study quality details
- Study design
- Retrospective cohort
- Sample size
- not extracted
- Randomization
- no
- Blinding
- not stated
- Comparator
- not stated
- Follow up duration
- 6 months
- Outcome type
- intermediate
- Replication
- not assessed (auto)
- Consistency with other evidence
- not assessed (auto)
- Population applicability
- INDIRECT
- Statistical precision
- CI reported: 95% CI: +0
- Risk of bias
- not assessed (auto)
- Funding conflicts
- unclear
- Peer review status
- yes
02Funding
Funding and conflicts
- Funding
- not reported in abstract
- Industry funded
- Unclear
- Manufacturer
- None identified
- Sponsor role
- not reported in abstract
- Author conflicts
- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
- Independent replication
- unknown
Funding is shown on every study and never used to score it.
04Source
The source, as retrieved
Abstract
[PURPOSE] Finerenone reduces Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related chronic kidney disease (CKD). Evidence on its combined use with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) in routine care remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate 6-month estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), and adverse outcomes among adults with T2DM-related CKD receiving finerenone + SGLT2i, with or without concomitant GLP-1RA. [METHODS] This retrospective cohort evaluated electronic medical records (EMR) from a UAE-based teaching hospital (November 2023 - January 2025). Adults with T2DM-related CKD receiving finerenone for ≥6 months were categorized at initiation into dual-therapy (Finerenone+SGLT2i), and triple-therapy (Finerenone+SGLT2i+GLP-1 RA), Patients receiving finerenone + GLP-1RA alone were excluded. Outcomes were 6-months eGFR, UACR and adverse events. Via Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), means were analysed using paired t-tests, and between-group comparisons using adjusted analysis. [FINDINGS] Eighty-three patients were included after excluding 6 patients receiving finerenone + GLP-1RA only. Within-group ln(UACR) decreased in both regimens [dual-therapy (50.6%, 28.3-65.9; P < 0.001) and triple-therapy (46.9%, 27.0-61.3; P < 0.001)]. Mean 6-month eGFR changes were variable [dual-therapy (-6.12, -10.66 to -1.59; P = 0.010) and triple-therapy (-1.49, -5.19 to +2.21; P = 0.424)]. On adjusted analysis, triple-therapy was associated with higher 6-month eGFR compared with dual therapy (+6.407 mL/min/1.73 m²; 95% CI: +0.297 to +12.52; P = 0.040), whereas for ln(UACR) was not statistically significant (-0.323; 95% CI: -0.912 to +0.266; P = 0.277). Interpretation was limited by baseline imbalance and the retrospective observational design. [IMPLICATIONS] Triple-therapy was associated with higher adjusted 6-month eGFR than dual-therapy, while UACR decreased without significant adjusted between-group differences. Findings were interpreted as associative rather than comparative superiority, given the observational design, baseline imbalance, and short follow-up. These results should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating associations, and future multicenter longitudinal studies with longer follow-up and assessment of medication continuation, and time-updated exposure are warranted.