Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist-Associated Injection Site and Dermatologic Reactions
- Design
- Pharmacovigilance · Unknown outcome
- Match to healthy normal-weight adults aged 55–75
- Different population[Auto] Participants had obesity/overweight (age/BMI not reported in abstract).
- Could weight loss explain it?
- Unknown[Auto] Harm signal; weight-loss mediation not the relevant question, but consider whether harms relate to rapid weight loss or reduced intake.
- Study tier
- Study tier 4[Auto] Hypothesis-generating design (auto-provisional).
- Assessment
- Version 1 · automatic, not yet reviewed by a person · Sep 13, 2026
Study facts come from the paper. Population match, weight-loss explanation and study tier are our judgments, made against the reference group of healthy normal-weight adults aged 55–75.
[Auto, unreviewed; quoted from abstract conclusions] Non-immunologic cutaneous adverse events comprise a substantial proportion of reported GLP-1RA-associated adverse events with differing rates among individual agents. Recognition of these reactions and appropriate supportive management may improve patient outcomes. Prospective studies are needed to better define their adverse event risk rates, mechanisms, and optimal management strategies.
01Findings
What the study reported
- Drugs
- Semaglutide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, Exenatide, Lixisenatide, Tirzepatide
- Primary outcome
- Not extracted
- Effect
- Not extracted
- 95% confidence interval
- Not extracted
- Follow-up
- Not stated
- Adverse events
- Not extracted
- Limitations
- Auto-classified from abstract only; effect estimates, adverse events and limitations not extracted. Requires manual review.
Who was studied
- Obesity status
- obesity/overweight present (all or most)
- Diabetes status
- diabetes mentioned
Study quality details
- Study design
- Pharmacovigilance analysis
- Sample size
- not extracted
- Randomization
- no
- Blinding
- not stated
- Comparator
- not stated
- Follow up duration
- not stated
- Outcome type
- unknown
- Replication
- not assessed (auto)
- Consistency with other evidence
- not assessed (auto)
- Population applicability
- INDIRECT
- Statistical precision
- not extracted
- Risk of bias
- not assessed (auto)
- Funding conflicts
- unclear
- Peer review status
- yes
02Funding
Funding and conflicts
- Funding
- not reported in abstract
- Industry funded
- Unclear
- Manufacturer
- None identified
- Sponsor role
- not reported in abstract
- Author conflicts
- Declaration of interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
- Independent replication
- unknown
Funding is shown on every study and never used to score it.
04Source
The source, as retrieved
Abstract
[BACKGROUND] Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are increasingly prescribed for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, with expanding therapeutic applications. Although gastrointestinal adverse events are the most recognized toxicities, Cutaneous adverse events constitute a large burden of total adverse reactions. [OBJECTIVE] To review the prevalence, clinical features, mechanisms, and management of non-immunologic Injection Site and Dermatologic Reactions associated with GLP-1RAs. [METHODS] A review of clinical trials, pharmacovigilance studies, and case reports and series was performed. In addition, adverse event reports for tirzepatide, semaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, dulaglutide, and lixisenatide were extracted from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Injection-site events were combined with skin-related adverse events to generate an adjusted "Skin and Injection-Site Reactions" category for comparison across agents. [RESULTS] Among 442,567 FAERS reports, 137,412 (31.0%) involved skin and injection-site reactions, representing the third most frequently reported adverse event category. Exenatide demonstrated the highest proportion of skin and injection-site reports (53.1%), followed by dulaglutide (33.5%), tirzepatide (32.6%), liraglutide (17.1%), semaglutide (12.2%), and lixisenatide (6.9%). Common reactions included pain, bleeding, erythema, bruising, mass, pruritus, and swelling. Additional adverse events included dysesthesias, nodules, granulomatous reactions, bruising, and hyperhidrosis. Most reactions were mild to moderate and generally managed symptomatically without requiring treatment discontinuation. [CONCLUSIONS] Non-immunologic cutaneous adverse events comprise a substantial proportion of reported GLP-1RA-associated adverse events with differing rates among individual agents. Recognition of these reactions and appropriate supportive management may improve patient outcomes. Prospective studies are needed to better define their adverse event risk rates, mechanisms, and optimal management strategies.
Where this record came from
| Source | Retrieved | Identifier |
|---|---|---|
| pubmed | Sep 13, 2026 | 42692277 first ingestion |