A Comparison of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors in Reducing the Incidence of Tuberculosis and Mortality in Patients with Diabetes
- Design
- Retrospective cohort · Hard outcome
- Match to healthy normal-weight adults aged 55–75
- Population unclear[Auto] Population characteristics not extractable from abstract (age/BMI not reported in abstract). Needs manual review.
- Could weight loss explain it?
- Unknown[Auto] Not addressed in abstract.
- Study tier
- Preliminary[Auto] Not peer reviewed (preprint, abstract or registration). Early-warning only.
- Assessment
- Version 1 · automatic, not yet reviewed by a person · Sep 13, 2026
Study facts come from the paper. Population match, weight-loss explanation and study tier are our judgments, made against the reference group of healthy normal-weight adults aged 55–75. This item has not been peer reviewed.
[Auto, unreviewed; last sentences of abstract] This observational study demonstrated that the use of GLP-1 RAs, compared with DPP-4i, was associated with a lower incidence of tuberculosis, all-cause mortality, and gastrointestinal adverse events. These findings may have important implications for public health policy.
01Findings
What the study reported
- Drugs
- Class unspecified
- Comparator
- DPP-4i
- Primary outcome
- Not extracted
- Effect
- Not extracted
- 95% confidence interval
- Not extracted
- Follow-up
- Not stated
- Adverse events
- Not extracted
- Limitations
- Auto-classified from abstract only; effect estimates, adverse events and limitations not extracted. Requires manual review.
Who was studied
- Diabetes status
- diabetes mentioned
Study quality details
- Study design
- Retrospective cohort
- Sample size
- not extracted
- Randomization
- no
- Blinding
- not stated
- Comparator
- not stated
- Follow up duration
- not stated
- Outcome type
- hard
- Replication
- not assessed (auto)
- Consistency with other evidence
- not assessed (auto)
- Population applicability
- UNKNOWN
- Statistical precision
- CI reported: 95% CI: 0
- Risk of bias
- not assessed (auto)
- Funding conflicts
- unclear
- Peer review status
- no
02Funding
Funding and conflicts
- Funding
- not reported in abstract
- Industry funded
- Unclear
- Manufacturer
- None identified
- Sponsor role
- not reported in abstract
- Author conflicts
- not available in metadata
- Independent replication
- unknown
Funding is shown on every study and never used to score it.
04Source
The source, as retrieved
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly increases the risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB). Poorly controlled diabetes, particularly with sustained hyperglycemia, is associated with higher TB incidence. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have become an important therapeutic option in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. GLP-1 RAs may also have immunomodulatory effects. Our study aims to evaluate the incidence of pulmonary TB among diabetic patients, and to examine whether GLP-1 RAs control modifies TB risk and mortality. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Global Collaborative Network of the TriNetX™ research platform from 152 participating health care organizations across the United States. We identified adult patients with diabetes mellitus who received either oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) containing GLP-1RA or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2024. Diabetic patients receiving OHAs containing GLP-1 RA treatment had a significantly lower incidence of TB (HR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.45-0.69), significantly reduced risk of death (HR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.51-0.54), and significantly reduced risk of gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disorders (HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.75-0.78), compared to those receiving DPP-4 inhibitor treatment. This observational study demonstrated that the use of GLP-1 RAs, compared with DPP-4i, was associated with a lower incidence of tuberculosis, all-cause mortality, and gastrointestinal adverse events. These findings may have important implications for public health policy.
Where this record came from
| Source | Retrieved | Identifier |
|---|---|---|
| europepmc | Sep 13, 2026 | PPR:PPR1317078 first ingestion |