GLP-1 Evidence

Not medical advice. A record of published research and our assessments of it. The limits

Assessing Type 2 Diabetes and GLP-1 agonist response trajectories with a proteogenomic atlas of disease progression

Design
Mendelian randomization · Intermediate outcome
Match to healthy normal-weight adults aged 55–75
Population unclear[Auto] Population characteristics not extractable from abstract (age/BMI not reported in abstract). Needs manual review.
Could weight loss explain it?
Unknown[Auto] Not addressed in abstract.
Study tier
Preliminary[Auto] Not peer reviewed (preprint, abstract or registration). Early-warning only.
Assessment
Version 1 · automatic, not yet reviewed by a person · Sep 13, 2026

Study facts come from the paper. Population match, weight-loss explanation and study tier are our judgments, made against the reference group of healthy normal-weight adults aged 55–75. This item has not been peer reviewed.

[Auto, unreviewed; last sentences of abstract] These persistent proteins are associated with incident coronary artery disease and overlap with targets of approved therapies, nominating candidates for combination strategies beyond GLP-1RA monotherapy. HighlightsO_LIMAP-D maps 2,923 proteins across three hallmarks and glycemic stages C_LIO_LIAdiposity reshapes the proteome; glycemia is driven by upstream proteins C_LIO_LIPersistent proteins remain dysregulated despite GLP-1RA treatment C_LIO_LIPersistent proteins predict incident CAD and are druggable targets C_LI

01Findings

What the study reported

Drugs
Semaglutide
Primary outcome
Not extracted
Effect
Not extracted
95% confidence interval
Not extracted
Follow-up
Not stated
Adverse events
Not extracted
Limitations
Auto-classified from abstract only; effect estimates, adverse events and limitations not extracted. Requires manual review.

Who was studied

Diabetes status
diabetes mentioned
Cvd status
cardiovascular disease present in population (see abstract)

Study quality details

Study design
Mendelian randomization
Sample size
not extracted
Randomization
no
Blinding
not stated
Comparator
not stated
Follow up duration
not stated
Outcome type
intermediate
Replication
not assessed (auto)
Consistency with other evidence
not assessed (auto)
Population applicability
UNKNOWN
Statistical precision
not extracted
Risk of bias
not assessed (auto)
Funding conflicts
unclear
Peer review status
no
02Funding

Funding and conflicts

Funding
not reported in abstract
Industry funded
Unclear
Manufacturer
None identified
Sponsor role
not reported in abstract
Author conflicts
not available in metadata
Independent replication
unknown

Funding is shown on every study and never used to score it.

04Source

The source, as retrieved

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) progresses through heterogeneous pathways that glycemic staging alone does not resolve. We constructed the Metabolic Atlas of the Proteome in Diabetes (MAP-D), leveraging Olink measurements of 2,923 circulating proteins in [~]42,000 UK Biobank participants to map associations with three cardiometabolic hallmarks - adiposity (BMI), a proxy for insulin resistance (triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol ratio), and glycemia (HbA1c) - across normoglycemia, prediabetes, and incident T2D. We triangulated cross-sectional associations with bidirectional Mendelian randomization and semaglutide trial proteomics to infer causal directionality. This revealed three distinct causal architectures: adiposity predominantly reshapes the proteome, glycemia is driven by upstream proteins, and insulin resistance shows bidirectional feedback. Integration with trial data identified proteins reversed by therapy and a subset of persistent proteins that remain dysregulated despite GLP-1RA treatment. These persistent proteins are associated with incident coronary artery disease and overlap with targets of approved therapies, nominating candidates for combination strategies beyond GLP-1RA monotherapy. HighlightsO_LIMAP-D maps 2,923 proteins across three hallmarks and glycemic stages C_LIO_LIAdiposity reshapes the proteome; glycemia is driven by upstream proteins C_LIO_LIPersistent proteins remain dysregulated despite GLP-1RA treatment C_LIO_LIPersistent proteins predict incident CAD and are druggable targets C_LI

Where this record came from

SourceRetrievedIdentifier
medrxiv:medrxivSep 13, 202610.1101/2025.09.26.25336579
first ingestion