GLP-1 Evidence

Not medical advice. A record of published research and our assessments of it. The limits

The effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists on circulating inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Design
Meta-analysis · 4734 participants · Mixed outcome
Match to healthy normal-weight adults aged 55–75
Different population[Auto] Synthesis of studies conducted predominantly in people with type 2 diabetes.
Could weight loss explain it?
Possibly[Auto] Participants had obesity and/or type 2 diabetes and the abstract does not separate direct drug effects from weight loss or glycaemic improvement.
Study tier
Study tier 2[Auto] Systematic review/meta-analysis of randomized trials (auto-provisional; heterogeneity and included-study quality not assessed).
Assessment
Version 1 · automatic, not yet reviewed by a person · Sep 13, 2026

Study facts come from the paper. Population match, weight-loss explanation and study tier are our judgments, made against the reference group of healthy normal-weight adults aged 55–75.

[Auto, unreviewed; quoted from abstract conclusions] Our meta-analysis demonstrates that GLP-1 RAs exert significant anti-inflammatory effects in patients with T2DM. Our findings provide important insights that may guide the therapeutic application of GLP-1 RAs and inform the development of related therapies.

01Findings

What the study reported

Drugs
Class unspecified
Comparator
placebo
Primary outcome
Not extracted
Effect
Not extracted
95% confidence interval
Not extracted
Follow-up
24 weeks
Adverse events
Not extracted
Limitations
Auto-classified from abstract only; effect estimates, adverse events and limitations not extracted. Requires manual review.

Who was studied

Mean age
54.13
Sex distribution
44.46% female
Diabetes status
type 2 diabetes present (all or most)
Sample size
4734

Study quality details

Study design
Meta-analysis
Sample size
4734
Randomization
n/a
Blinding
not stated
Comparator
placebo
Follow up duration
24 weeks
Outcome type
mixed
Replication
not assessed (auto)
Consistency with other evidence
not assessed (auto)
Population applicability
INDIRECT
Statistical precision
not extracted
Risk of bias
not assessed (auto)
Funding conflicts
no
Peer review status
yes
02Funding

Funding and conflicts

Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Industry funded
No
Manufacturer
None identified
Sponsor role
no manufacturer funding identified
Author conflicts
not available in metadata
Independent replication
unknown

Funding is shown on every study and never used to score it.

04Source

The source, as retrieved

Abstract

[AIM] To investigate whether the antidiabetic agent glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) can exert anti-inflammatory effects while lowering blood glucose, we performed a meta-analysis and systematic review. [METHODS] We searched 4 online databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and the Web of Science) for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that examined changes after GLP-1RAs intervention in commonly accepted biomarkers of inflammation: C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), leptin, adiponectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). [RESULTS] This meta-analysis included 52 eligible RCTs (n = 4734) with a median follow-up of 24 weeks, a mean age of 54.13 years, 44.46% females, body mass index (BMI) 29.80 kg/m2, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 8.28% and diabetes duration 7.27 years. GLP-1 RAs treatment, compared to placebo or conventional diabetes therapies (including oral medicine and insulin), resulted in significant reductions in CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and leptin (standard mean difference [SMD] -0.63 [-1.03, -0.23]; SMD -0.92 [-1.57, -0.27]; SMD -0.76 [-1.32, -0.20], SMD -3.89 [-6.56, -1.22], SMD -0.67 [-1.09, -0.26], respectively), as well as significant increases in adiponectin (SMD 0.69 [0.19, 1.19]). [CONCLUSIONS] Our meta-analysis demonstrates that GLP-1 RAs exert significant anti-inflammatory effects in patients with T2DM. Our findings provide important insights that may guide the therapeutic application of GLP-1 RAs and inform the development of related therapies.

Where this record came from

SourceRetrievedIdentifier
pubmedSep 13, 202640230207
first ingestion