Comparing Cardiovascular Outcomes in New Users of Oral Semaglutide Versus Other Noninsulin Glucose-Lowering Therapies Among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
- Design
- Retrospective cohort · 10878 participants · Hard outcome
- Match to healthy normal-weight adults aged 55–75
- Population unclear[Auto] Population characteristics not extractable from abstract (age/BMI not reported in abstract). Needs manual review.
- Could weight loss explain it?
- Unknown[Auto] Not addressed in abstract.
- Study tier
- Study tier 3[Auto] Observational design; confounding by indication and healthy-user effects cannot be excluded (auto-provisional).
- Assessment
- Version 1 · automatic, not yet reviewed by a person · Sep 20, 2026
Study facts come from the paper. Population match, weight-loss explanation and study tier are our judgments, made against the reference group of healthy normal-weight adults aged 55–75.
[Auto, unreviewed; quoted from abstract conclusions] Consistent with clinical trial evidence, oral semaglutide was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular outcomes among people with T2D and ASCVD in real-world settings.
01Findings
What the study reported
- Drugs
- Semaglutide
- Route
- oral
- Primary outcome
- Not extracted
- Effect
- Not extracted
- 95% confidence interval
- Not extracted
- Follow-up
- Not stated
- Adverse events
- Not extracted
- Limitations
- Auto-classified from abstract only; effect estimates, adverse events and limitations not extracted. Requires manual review.
Who was studied
- Diabetes status
- diabetes mentioned
- Cvd status
- cardiovascular disease present in population (see abstract)
- Sample size
- 10878
Study quality details
- Study design
- Retrospective cohort
- Sample size
- 10878
- Randomization
- no
- Blinding
- not stated
- Comparator
- not stated
- Follow up duration
- not stated
- Outcome type
- hard
- Replication
- not assessed (auto)
- Consistency with other evidence
- not assessed (auto)
- Population applicability
- UNKNOWN
- Statistical precision
- not extracted
- Risk of bias
- not assessed (auto)
- Funding conflicts
- unclear
- Peer review status
- yes
02Funding
Funding and conflicts
- Funding
- not reported in abstract
- Industry funded
- Unclear
- Manufacturer
- Novo Nordisk
- Sponsor role
- not reported in abstract
- Author conflicts
- Declarations. Conflict of Interest: Xi Tan, Yuanjie Liang, Caichen Zhong, Lin Xie, Mico Guevarra, and Caroline Swift are employees of Novo Nordisk Inc. Adam de Havenon reports NIH/NINDS funding, investigator-initiated clinical research funding from AAN, consultant fees from Novo Nordisk, royalty fees from UpToDate, and equity in Titin KM and Certus. Ethical Approval: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This study involved retrospectively collected deidentified data, which was analyzed without interaction with the human subjects or reidentifying subjects. It was deemed to be exempt from institutional review board (IRB) review as determined by WCG IRB was exempt under 45 CFR § 46.104(d)(4). This study analyzed secondary data from Optum’s deidentified CDM Database data without direct subject contact or intervention; per 45 CFR 46, analyses of secondary, deidentified data are not human subjects research and do not require consent.
- Independent replication
- unknown
- Notes
- Authors declare relationships with the drug's manufacturer: Novo Nordisk
Funding is shown on every study and never used to score it.
04Source
The source, as retrieved
Abstract
[INTRODUCTION] Clinical trials have found semaglutide reduces the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at high risk of MACE. Less is known about oral semaglutide's impact on real-world cardiovascular risk. [METHODS] This observational cohort study used administrative claims data from Optum's deidentified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database to compare 3-, modified 3-, 5-, modified 5-, and 2-point MACE, ischemic stroke (IS), myocardial infarction (MI), and all-cause and cardiovascular-related death rates among people with T2D and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) who initiated oral semaglutide vs other noninsulin glucose-lowering therapies (ONIGLTs). Cardiovascular outcomes were compared between new users of oral semaglutide and propensity score-matched new users of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4is) or sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is). [RESULTS] Oral semaglutide users (n = 10,878) had risk reductions of 17% and 21% in 3- and modified 3-point MACE, respectively, and significant risk reductions in 5-, modified 5-, and 2-point MACE, IS, and all-cause death vs ONIGLT users (n = 28,639). People who initiated oral semaglutide (n = 7218) had 22% and 24% lower risks of 3- and modified 3-point MACE, respectively, and significantly lower risks of 5- and modified 5-point MACE, IS, and all-cause death vs people who initiated DPP4is (n = 7218). Compared with SGLT2i users (n = 21,572), oral semaglutide users (n = 7491) had 21% and 22% lower risks of 3- and modified 3-point MACE, respectively, and significantly lower risks of 5-, modified 5-, and 2-point MACE. [CONCLUSION] Consistent with clinical trial evidence, oral semaglutide was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular outcomes among people with T2D and ASCVD in real-world settings.
Where this record came from
| Source | Retrieved | Identifier |
|---|---|---|
| pubmed | Sep 20, 2026 | 42753116 first ingestion |