Real-World Cost and Utilisation Burden of Diagnosed Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in the United States: A Retrospective Cohort Study
- Design
- Retrospective cohort · 172 participants · Unknown outcome
- Match to healthy normal-weight adults aged 55–75
- Different population[Auto] Participants had type 2 diabetes (age/BMI not reported in abstract).
- Could weight loss explain it?
- Possibly[Auto] Participants had obesity and/or type 2 diabetes and the abstract does not separate direct drug effects from weight loss or glycaemic improvement.
- Study tier
- Study tier 3[Auto] Observational design; confounding by indication and healthy-user effects cannot be excluded (auto-provisional).
- Assessment
- Version 1 · automatic, not yet reviewed by a person · Sep 20, 2026
Study facts come from the paper. Population match, weight-loss explanation and study tier are our judgments, made against the reference group of healthy normal-weight adults aged 55–75.
[Auto, unreviewed; quoted from abstract conclusions] Among adults with T2D, MASLD was associated with substantially higher healthcare costs and utilisation. These findings highlight the economic burden of MASLD in this high-risk population.
01Findings
What the study reported
- Drugs
- Class unspecified
- Primary outcome
- Not extracted
- Effect
- Not extracted
- 95% confidence interval
- Not extracted
- Follow-up
- 64 years
- Adverse events
- Not extracted
- Limitations
- Auto-classified from abstract only; effect estimates, adverse events and limitations not extracted. Requires manual review.
Who was studied
- Diabetes status
- type 2 diabetes present (all or most)
- Baseline condition
- MASH / MASLD
- Sample size
- 172
Study quality details
- Study design
- Retrospective cohort
- Sample size
- 172
- Randomization
- no
- Blinding
- not stated
- Comparator
- not stated
- Follow up duration
- 64 years
- Outcome type
- unknown
- Replication
- not assessed (auto)
- Consistency with other evidence
- not assessed (auto)
- Population applicability
- INDIRECT
- Statistical precision
- CI reported: 95% CI, 1
- Risk of bias
- not assessed (auto)
- Funding conflicts
- unclear
- Peer review status
- yes
02Funding
Funding and conflicts
- Funding
- not reported in abstract
- Industry funded
- Unclear
- Manufacturer
- None identified
- Sponsor role
- not reported in abstract
- Author conflicts
- not available in metadata
- Independent replication
- unknown
Funding is shown on every study and never used to score it.
04Source
The source, as retrieved
Abstract
[AIMS] This study quantified the real-world healthcare costs and utilisation associated with diagnosed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) among adults with Type 2 diabetes (T2D). [METHODS] We conducted a retrospective cohort study using IQVIA PharMetrics Plus Closed Health Plan data from January 2016 to June 2025. Eligible participants were adults aged 18-64 years with T2D. MASLD was identified during the baseline period, and patients with MASLD were matched 1:1 to T2D-only controls using propensity scores. The primary outcome was all-cause total direct healthcare costs over 12 months of follow-up. Adjusted cost ratios (aCRs) and average marginal effects (AMEs) were estimated using generalised linear models. [RESULTS] The final cohort included 155 172 adults with T2D. After PS matching, 17 412 matched pairs were retained. Mean total healthcare costs were $29 734 among patients with MASLD and $18 320 among matched controls. MASLD was associated with 62% higher total healthcare costs (aCR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.58-1.67), corresponding to an AME of $11 411 (95% CI, $10 725-$12 097) per patient per year. In medication-defined subgroups, excess costs remained substantial among patients receiving GLP-1 receptor agonists (AME, $10 653) and SGLT2 inhibitors (AME, $13 842). MASLD was also associated with greater healthcare utilisation across all service settings. [CONCLUSIONS] Among adults with T2D, MASLD was associated with substantially higher healthcare costs and utilisation. These findings highlight the economic burden of MASLD in this high-risk population.
Where this record came from
| Source | Retrieved | Identifier |
|---|---|---|
| pubmed | Sep 20, 2026 | 42736030 first ingestion |