GLP-1 Evidence

Not medical advice. A record of published research and our assessments of it. The limits

Healthy Weight Loss Maintenance with Exercise, Liraglutide, or Both Combined

Design
Randomized trial · 195 participants · Intermediate outcome
Match to healthy normal-weight adults aged 55–75
Different populationObesity without diabetes; young to middle-aged.
Could weight loss explain it?
Not applicableWeight-maintenance trial.
Study tier
Study tier 2[Auto] Small or short randomized trial (auto-provisional).
Assessment
Version 2 · curated · Sep 13, 2026

Study facts come from the paper. Population match, weight-loss explanation and study tier are our judgments, made against the reference group of healthy normal-weight adults aged 55–75.

After a low-calorie diet, exercise plus liraglutide kept weight off best over a year and was the only strategy that improved fitness, HbA1c and insulin sensitivity. Liraglutide alone was associated with more gallstones and higher heart rate.

01Findings

What the study reported

Drugs
Liraglutide
Dose
3.0 mg daily
Route
subcutaneous
Treatment duration
52 weeks
Comparator
placebo; exercise; combination
Primary outcome
Change in body weight at 1 year after 8-week low-calorie diet
Effect
vs placebo: exercise -4.1 kg; liraglutide -6.8 kg; combination -9.5 kg; combination halved body-fat percentage decrease vs either alone
95% confidence interval
Not extracted
Follow-up
52 weeks
Adverse events
Increased heart rate and cholelithiasis more often with liraglutide alone than combination.
Limitations
Auto-classified from abstract only; effect estimates, adverse events and limitations not extracted. Requires manual review.

Who was studied

Age range
18-65
Obesity status
obesity (BMI 32-43)
Diabetes status
excluded
Sample size
195

Study quality details

Study design
Randomized controlled trial
Sample size
195
Randomization
yes
Blinding
not stated
Comparator
placebo
Follow up duration
not stated
Outcome type
hard
Replication
not assessed (auto)
Consistency with other evidence
not assessed (auto)
Population applicability
INDIRECT
Statistical precision
CI reported: 95% confidence interval [CI], -7
Risk of bias
not assessed (auto)
Funding conflicts
partial
Peer review status
yes
02Funding

Funding and conflicts

Funding
Novo Nordisk Foundation and others
Industry funded
Partial
Manufacturer
Novo Nordisk Foundation
Sponsor role
mixed industry and public/foundation funding
Author conflicts
See published disclosures.
Independent replication
no
Notes
Authors declare relationships with the drug's manufacturer: Novo Nordisk

Funding is shown on every study and never used to score it.

03Claims

Claims this study bears on

04Source

The source, as retrieved

Abstract

[BACKGROUND] Weight regain after weight loss is a major problem in the treatment of persons with obesity. [METHODS] In a randomized, head-to-head, placebo-controlled trial, we enrolled adults with obesity (body-mass index [the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters], 32 to 43) who did not have diabetes. After an 8-week low-calorie diet, participants were randomly assigned for 1 year to one of four strategies: a moderate-to-vigorous-intensity exercise program plus placebo (exercise group); treatment with liraglutide (3.0 mg per day) plus usual activity (liraglutide group); exercise program plus liraglutide therapy (combination group); or placebo plus usual activity (placebo group). End points with prespecified hypotheses were the change in body weight (primary end point) and the change in body-fat percentage (secondary end point) from randomization to the end of the treatment period in the intention-to-treat population. Prespecified metabolic health-related end points and safety were also assessed. [RESULTS] After the 8-week low-calorie diet, 195 participants had a mean decrease in body weight of 13.1 kg. At 1 year, all the active-treatment strategies led to greater weight loss than placebo: difference in the exercise group, -4.1 kg (95% confidence interval [CI], -7.8 to -0.4; P = 0.03); in the liraglutide group, -6.8 kg (95% CI, -10.4 to -3.1; P<0.001); and in the combination group, -9.5 kg (95% CI, -13.1 to -5.9; P<0.001). The combination strategy led to greater weight loss than exercise (difference, -5.4 kg; 95% CI, -9.0 to -1.7; P = 0.004) but not liraglutide (-2.7 kg; 95% CI, -6.3 to 0.8; P = 0.13). The combination strategy decreased body-fat percentage by 3.9 percentage points, which was approximately twice the decrease in the exercise group (-1.7 percentage points; 95% CI, -3.2 to -0.2; P = 0.02) and the liraglutide group (-1.9 percentage points; 95% CI, -3.3 to -0.5; P = 0.009). Only the combination strategy was associated with improvements in the glycated hemoglobin level, insulin sensitivity, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Increased heart rate and cholelithiasis were observed more often in the liraglutide group than in the combination group. [CONCLUSIONS] A strategy combining exercise and liraglutide therapy improved healthy weight loss maintenance more than either treatment alone. (Funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation and others; EudraCT number, 2015-005585-32; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04122716.).

Where this record came from

SourceRetrievedIdentifier
pubmedSep 13, 202633951361
first ingestion