GLP-1 Evidence

Not medical advice. A record of published research and our assessments of it. The limits

Evaluation of exenatide versus insulin glargine for the impact on endothelial functions and cardiovascular risk markers

Design
Randomized trial · Mixed outcome
Match to healthy normal-weight adults aged 55–75
Different population[Auto] Participants had type 2 diabetes (age/BMI not reported in abstract).
Could weight loss explain it?
Possibly[Auto] Participants had obesity and/or type 2 diabetes and the abstract does not separate direct drug effects from weight loss or glycaemic improvement.
Study tier
Study tier 3[Auto] Small or short randomized trial (auto-provisional).
Assessment
Version 1 · automatic, not yet reviewed by a person · Sep 13, 2026

Study facts come from the paper. Population match, weight-loss explanation and study tier are our judgments, made against the reference group of healthy normal-weight adults aged 55–75.

[Auto, unreviewed; quoted from abstract conclusions] Insulin glargine improved endothelial functions, without leading to positive changes in cardiovascular risk markers. Exenatide treatment of 26 weeks resulted in reduced body weight and improvement in certain cardiovascular risk markers and endothelial functions.

01Findings

What the study reported

Drugs
Exenatide
Treatment duration
26 weeks
Comparator
insulin glargine
Primary outcome
Not extracted
Effect
Not extracted
95% confidence interval
Not extracted
Follow-up
26 weeks
Adverse events
Not extracted
Limitations
Auto-classified from abstract only; effect estimates, adverse events and limitations not extracted. Requires manual review.

Who was studied

Diabetes status
type 2 diabetes present (all or most)

Study quality details

Study design
Randomized controlled trial
Sample size
not extracted
Randomization
yes
Blinding
not stated
Comparator
active comparator
Follow up duration
26 weeks
Outcome type
mixed
Replication
not assessed (auto)
Consistency with other evidence
not assessed (auto)
Population applicability
INDIRECT
Statistical precision
not extracted
Risk of bias
not assessed (auto)
Funding conflicts
unclear
Peer review status
yes
02Funding

Funding and conflicts

Funding
not reported in abstract
Industry funded
Unclear
Manufacturer
None identified
Sponsor role
not reported in abstract
Author conflicts
not available in metadata
Independent replication
unknown

Funding is shown on every study and never used to score it.

04Source

The source, as retrieved

Abstract

[AIMS] To demonstrate the efficacy of exenatide versus insulin glargine on endothelial functions and cardiovascular risk markers. [METHODS] Thirty-four insulin and incretin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (body mass index 25-45 kg/m(2)) who received metformin for at least two months were randomized to exenatide or insulin glargine treatment arms and followed-up for 26 weeks. Measurements of endothelial functions were done by ultrasonography, cardiovascular risk markers by serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and total body fat mass by bioimpedance. [RESULTS] Levels of high sensitivity-C-reactive protein and endothelin-1 decreased (27.5% and 18.75%, respectively) in the exenatide arm. However, in the insulin glargine arm, fibrinogen, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, leptin and endothelin-1 levels (13.4, 30.2, 47.5, and 80%, respectively) increased. Post-treatment flow mediated dilatation and endothelium independent vascular responses were significantly higher in both arms (p=0.0001, p=0.0001). Positive correlation was observed between the changes in body weight and endothelium-independent vasodilatation, leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and endothelin-1 in both arms (r=0.376, r=0.507, r=0.490, r=0.362, respectively). [CONCLUSIONS] Insulin glargine improved endothelial functions, without leading to positive changes in cardiovascular risk markers. Exenatide treatment of 26 weeks resulted in reduced body weight and improvement in certain cardiovascular risk markers and endothelial functions.

Where this record came from

SourceRetrievedIdentifier
pubmedSep 13, 202625458329
first ingestion