GLP-1 Analogues and Long-term Outcomes in Adults with Obesity and Elevated CRP: A Real-world Matched Cohort Study

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Abstract

Obesity is frequently accompanied by low-grade systemic inflammation and increased cardiovascular risk. We evaluated whether glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) exposure was associated with improved long-term outcomes among adults with obesity and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels of 3-10 mg/L. Using the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network, adults with body mass index ≥30 kg/m² who received a GLP-1 RA were compared with an active-comparator cohort receiving metformin, orlistat, or phentermine without GLP-1 RA exposure. Following 1:1 propensity-score matching, 50,009 patients were included in each cohort and followed for up to 3,650 days. GLP-1 RA exposure was associated with a lower hazard of the primary composite outcome of all-cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke (hazard ratio[HR] 0.799, 95% confidence interval[CI] 0.772-0.825; P<0.001), driven primarily by lower all-cause mortality (HR 0.608, 95% CI 0.578-0.640; P<0.001). Ischemic stroke, arrhythmias, and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction were modestly lower, whereas acute myocardial infarction and incident heart failure with preserved ejection fraction did not differ significantly between cohorts. In conclusion, GLP-1 RA exposure was associated with lower long-term composite clinical events among adults with obesity and CRP levels of 3-10 mg/L, predominantly reflecting lower mortality; prospective studies incorporating longitudinal weight and CRP measurements are needed to evaluate potential mediating mechanisms.

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